The subsequent study focuses on the use of GIS for crime mapping in Baltimore City, identifying crime mapping and investigating hotspots, as well as analysing spatial crime datasets and predicting Spatio-temporal hotspots in Baltimore City from 2012 to 2018. The crime data set utilised in this study is from Data.gov, Open Baltimore data. The data sets include various properties, including spatial and temporal homicide, shooting, rape, and other crime statistics from 2012 to 2018. The crime statistics are credited to the Baltimore Police Department’s computerised ward map. The police station locations are updated using a field survey of the GPS. The Geographic Information System (GIS) of Geographic dataset visualises and allows law enforcement to discover spatial crime patterns map easily and flexible and diverse analyses to effectively identify the crime hotspot location. Analysis of crime hotspots using GIS is an effective technique to recognise crime patterns and anticipate hotspots based on geographical correlation, analysis of spatial data, and future detection of crime patterns. The G* statistic has been done using hotspot analysis the Getis-Ord Gi* to identify the outcome of the spatial statistics pattern employing spatial correlation. The crime analysis to predict hotspot approach use geographic variation and density crimes to clarify the sites of statistically significant crime forecast hotspots and cold spots, and the GIS interpolation method is employed for more efficient representation. To better visualise the results of the Hotpot analysis, the weighted interpolation method Inverse Distance was applied. The distance is calculated using the Euclidian Distance. Concentrating on the variance in order to have the best distance between the crime to be evaluated on the map’s fishnets grid visualisations. Using the variance to get the ideal distance between the spots and the Euclidian distance to determine the distance between all the crimes on the map. GIS is also used to construct geographical profiling of criminals, a form of investigation that allows authorities to discover locations of associated crimes to assist determine where an offender may living, particularly in repeated instances.

Abbreviation:

GIS: A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system that generates, maintains, analyses, and maps various types of data. GIS integrates data to a map by combining location data (where objects are) with other forms of descriptive data (what things are like there).

GPS: A global positioning system uses atomic clocks and orbiting satellites to compute a device’s real-time position. GPS satellites continually emit signals that pinpoint the satellite’s precise location and time to the billionth of a second.

Getis-Ord Gi*: The Getis–Ord Gi statistic differs from other measures in terms of spatial grouping, such as the Local Geary’s ci and Local Moran’s Ii statistics. The Getis–Ord Gi statistic determines if the region surrounding site I is larger (or less) than areas not near site i.